Classical Music

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Vuong Trung Hieu

vuongg@protonmail.com

The History of Classical music

Ancient music period (before 500 A.D)

Medieval music (500 – 1400)

Renaissance (1400 – 1600)

Baroque (1600 – 1750)

The greatest composers of this time include: Claudio Monteverdi, Heinrich Schütz, Henry Purcell, Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach, Domenico Scarlatti and Georg Philipp Telemann

Baroque (1600 – 1750)

The modern orchestra was formed

The opera was invented

Classical (1750 – 1820)

The greatest composers include: Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Christoph Willibald Gluch, and Ludwig van Beethoven

Classical (1750 – 1820)

Composers thought a lot about the forms of their pieces and were influenced by the classical art of the Ancient Greeks and Romans

The symphony was invented and various forms of chamber music

Romantic (1820 – 1900)

Some of the greatest composers include: Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Hector Berlioz, Frédéric Chopin, Robert Schumann, Felix Mendelssohn, Anton Bruckner, Johannes Brahms, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Edward Elgar, Gustav Mahler and Richard Strauss

Romantic (1820 – 1900)

Personal feeling and emotion

Music for orchestra sometimes told a story

It was a time when there were a lot of changes in society. There was a lot of feeling of nationalism as countries united

19th century music is often nationalistic: composers wrote music that was typical of their own country

20th and 21st centuries (1900 - present)

Some of the most important composers are: Claude Debussy, Jean Sibelius, Maurice Ravel, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, Béla Bartók, Aaron Copland, Benjamin Britten, Dmitri Shostakovich, Leonard Bernstein, Philip Glass, Dmitri Kabalevsky, James MacMillan, Judith Weir, Peter Maxwell Davies

20th and 21st centuries (1900 - present)

Composers wanted to find new ways of composing

Classical music was influenced by jazz, especially with American composers

Today’s composers have developed their own styles

Modernist (1890 – 1950) that overlaps from the late-19th century
    - Impressionism (1890 – 1925)
    - Expressionism (1908 – 1925)
    - Neoclassicism (1920 – 1950)
Postmodern era/Contemporary (1930 – present)
    - Experimental (1950 – present)
    - Minimalism (1965 – present)

The History of Classical music

https://youtu.be/v8hATncn_f0

Classical Music Throught History (1400 - 1940)

Instruments of the Orchestra

Instruments of the Orchestra

Conductor

Strings section

Strings section

Woodwind section

Woodwind section

Brass section

Brass section

Percussion section

Percussion section

Classical music genres

Movement in Classical music

What is a movement?

—  a self-contained part of a musical composition

—  Long pieces of classical music are often divided into movements

—  “Satz” is the German word for “movement” (in this musical sense), which really means “sentence”

Classical music genres

Sonata

—  is a piece of music for one instrument or one instrument with another instrument accompanying.

—  usually is quite a long piece with several movements.

—  The word “sonata” comes from Italian word “sonare” (to sound).

Beethoven — Moonlight Sonata 1st movement

Classical music genres

Cantata

—  is a type of singing which is done accompanied by an instrument(s).

—  The word “cantata” comes from Italian word “cantare” (to sing).

Johann Sebastian Bach — BMV 29

Classical music genres

Étude

—  is a short piece of music written to help the player to become a better player.

—  usually quite difficult to play.

Etude Op. 10 No. 4 Torrent (Chopin)

Classical music genres

Rhapsody

—  is a piece of music that has no formal structure and expresses powerful feelings.

—  free-flowing in structure.

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 (Liszt)

Classical music genres

Symphony

—  is a piece of music almost always written for an orchestra to play.

—  The work is usually divided into 3 or 4 movements.

Symphony No 5 in C minor, Op 67 (Beethoven)

Classical music genres

Concerto

—  is a piece of music made for a solo instrument and an orchestra.

VIOLIN Concerto in A minor, BWV 1041 (JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH)

—  The work usually has 3 movements: a fast one, a slow one and a fast to finish with.

Classical music genres

Opera

The Magic Flute – Queen of the Night aria (Mozart)

Classical music genres

Ballet

Swan Lake – Dance of the cygnets (Tchaikovsky)

Classical music genres

Soundtracks

recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program, or video game.